![]() ![]() ![]() After segmentation and dimensionality reduction, S2 sounds were labeled based on the presence of disease: Healthy, CKD, or CKD + CAVD. Results: Mice on the Adenine + HP diet had detectable AoV calcification (9.28 ± 0.74% by volume). Phonocardiograms, echocardiogram-based valvular function, and AoV calcification were assessed at endpoint. Methods: Adult C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following 12-week-long diets: (1) Control group ( n = 11) fed a normal chow, (2) Adenine group ( n = 4) fed an adenine-supplemented diet to induce chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (3) Adenine + HP ( n = 9) group fed the CKD diet for 6 weeks, then supplemented with high phosphate (HP) for another 6 weeks to induce AoV calcification. The aim of this study was to determine if the presence of AoV calcification directly influences the S2 heart sound. Although artificial intelligence has improved murmur detection in auscultation exams, murmur manifestation depends on hemodynamic factors that can be independent of aortic valve (AoV) calcium load and function. 7Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United Statesīackground: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is often undiagnosed in asymptomatic patients, especially in underserved populations. ![]() 6Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States.5Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.4Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States.3Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States.2Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.Valentina Dargam 1† Hooi Hooi Ng 1,2† Sana Nasim 1 Daniel Chaparro 1 Camila Iansen Irion 3 Suhas Rathna Seshadri 4 Armando Barreto 5 Zachary C. ![]()
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